What are the Different Types of Electroplating?

There are numerous types of electroplating, and each metal coating on objects uses electricity. This finishing process improves surface properties and can add a shiny look to improve appearance. In the manufacturing industry, layers of metals are combined with other materials to create an optimal product, such as gold-plated jewelry.

Nowadays, there are several methods and techniques that have evolved electroplating over time. The differences between the types are mostly related to the process setups and types of metal coatings used. In this article, we’ll cover methods such as mass plating, rack plating, continuous plating, and more. Other topics included are basic information about these processes and the role of electroplating tank liners.

What Is Electroplating?

Electroplating is a process that uses electricity to coat objects with a thin layer of metal. The roots of electrodeposition trace back over two centuries, starting with Italian chemist Luigi Brugnatelli. He used an electric battery to deposit a layer of gold onto silver. Since then, scientists have commercialized electroplating processes, especially for improving the appearance of consumer goods like jewelry and other decorative applications.

How Does Electroplating Work?

Electroplating involves several key components and principles of electrochemistry. This electrolytic cell process requires two electrodes submerged in a conductive ionic solution and a direct current power source. The part that will be plated (substrate) is the cathode, which is connected to the negative side of the power supply. The metal that will form the plating layer is the anode, which is connected to the positive terminal.

When current flows, metal from the anode is oxidized into ions that dissolve into the electrolyte. These positive metal ions then travel through the solution and plate onto the cathode surface. A chemically resistant electroplating tank liner like those offered by Perfect Fit Tank Liners ensures the plating environment remains stable throughout the electrochemical reaction.

Types of Electroplating

Electroplating is a versatile technique that’s used across many industries to deposit metal coatings onto various items. Regardless of the method, the plating process depends on chemical immersion tanks, which must be properly lined to prevent corrosion, contamination, and system failure. Let’s dive into the most popular types of electroplating:

Mass Plating

Mass plating or barrel plating is used to plate a large number of small parts like nuts, bolts, and other hardware. These are loaded into a rotating barrel that is semi-submerged in a plating solution. As the barrel rotates, the parts tumble and make electrical contact. This type of electroplating is not ideal for fragile parts.

Rack Plating

Rack plating is for larger or more intricately shaped parts that do not touch each other like jewelry and machine parts. The parts are individually attached via clips to a rack to hold them in place. The rack is then immersed in the plating tank. Although this method allows for better control, it can be more labor-intensive.

Continuous Plating

Also known as reel-to-reel, continuous plating is a specialized process for plating long strips of metal or wire. The metal stock is fed continuously through an electrolytic bath and receives a coating during the process. This type of electroplating is great for high-volume manufacturing of electronic components.

In-Line Plating

The parts are fed to an in-line plating process and they travel through various cyclic treatments. This involves rinse cycles following the coating application before proceeding to the next plating station. This type of electroplating is cost-effective on a large scale with coatings such as zinc, copper, or chromium. The industries that traditionally apply in-line plating are automotive and appliances.

Common Metal Coatings for Electroplating

Electroplating involves not only a variety of processes but also a wide range of metal coatings. Each metal has specific properties that make it suitable for particular applications. Below are a few of the most common types of electroplated metals:

• Zinc Plating – Zinc is one of the most used electroplating metals for corrosion protection. For example, steel objects are coated with zinc to improve durability. Parts like nuts, bolts, and brackets are commonly plated as they are often exposed to changing weather conditions.
• Nickel Plating – Nickel electroplating is popular for decorative purposes because it provides a wear-resistant surface while also creating a shiny finish. Bathroom fixtures and jewelry are common examples of nickel plating applications.
• Copper Plating – Copper is a metal that’s highly conductive and malleable, which makes it great for electronics and automotive parts. One interesting thing about this metal is that it allows other metals to be plated on top of it.
• Gold Plating – Gold also has high conductivity and is commonly used in electrical components. This precious metal resists corrosion and won’t oxidize over time. These properties make gold plating the preferred solution for industries that undergo extreme conditions, like aerospace and defense.

Tank Liners for Electroplating Operations

Electroplating tank liners play an important role in metal plating because the process involves submerging parts in chemical baths. This means that the tanks themselves need protection from these corrosive chemicals. Electroplating tank liners, such as those offered by Perfect Fit Tank Liners, provide a protective barrier that prevents the solution from contacting the tank’s surface and structure.

Electroplating tank liners prove to be essential for many electroplating processes. Perfect Fit Tank Liners understands the need for durable electroplating tank liners and offers cost-effective solutions that extend the lifespan of these tanks. Incorporating custom electroplating tank liners prevents leaks from cracks and corrosion, eliminates the need to install a new tank, and is able to be installed with minimal downtime. If you’re interested in learning more about how to extend your tank’s lifespan, contact the experts at Perfect Fit Tank Liners to find a custom electroplating tank liner solution for your application. If you need it fast, we also provide an express service.